Growth regulation of human neuroblastoma

摘要: Neuroblastoma is a highly malignant tumor of infants and children. It typically occurs before the age 5 years accounts for up to 50% all malignancies among [for review see 1,2]. A significant fraction cases are identified neonatally, indicating that can arise during fetal life may represent disorder normal development [3]. These tumors in sympathetic neuroblasts originate neural crest destined become chromaffin or neuronal tissues peripheral nervous system [4]. Sixty-five percent neuroblastomas occur abdomen, where adrenal medullary account 40% these [1,2]. Approximately 70% older children with have evidence spread beyond primary location metastatic sites, including lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, skin, at time they first come medical attention [1]. In under 1 year age, special presentation disseminated neuroblastoma, which most clearly distinguished from more common advanced-stage neuroblastoma it does not involve lytic lesions has been recognized [5, 6, 7, 8]. This group, designated stage IVs, includes approximately 17% arising year. Remarkably regress without therapy, while those patients young disease very poor prognosis