An Uncertain Future for American Lauraceae: A Lethal Threat from Redbay Ambrosia Beetle and Laurel Wilt Disease (A Review)

摘要: Laurel wilt is a destructive vascular disease responsible for high mortality of American tree species in the family Lauraceae, particularly redbay (Persea borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris), two dominant components of Coastal Plain forest communities southeastern United States. The syndrome emerged as result establishment an exotic wood-boring beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, now known redbay ambrosia beetle. During gallery excavation, females X. glabratus introduce a newly-described, obligatory fungal symbiont, Raffaelea lauricola. This fungus proliferates within gallery and provides food beetles, but it has proven to be pathogenic to American lauraceous hosts, which have had no co-evolved history with R. Presence foreign fungus elicits secretion resins formation extensive parenchymal tyloses xylem vessels. The extreme defensive response results in blockage water transport, systemic wilt, ultimately death. The beetle vector was first detected near Savannah, Georgia 2002, since has spread throughout Southeast become established six states. The epidemic spread south through Florida more rapidly than predicted currently threatens commercial production avocado (Persea americana). Recent research indicates that California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) can serve reproductive host susceptible laurel wilt disease. Thus, US Pacific coastal ecosystems (and the California avocado industry) would negatively impacted should become established along western coast. review article summarizes our current understanding insect vector, mycopathogen, host tree species. It also addresses elements management limitations with current detection methods rely on manuka oil lures. Of host-based attractants evaluated, cubeb shows the most promise potential new lure glabratus.