A framework for the evaluation of anthropogenic resources: the case study of phosphorus stocks in Austria

摘要: Abstract Due to a predicted shortage of raw materials, increasing attention is drawn the utilization anthropogenic resources through recycling and urban mining. However, in order assess availability as potential consistent concept for categorizing materials into reserves, other occurrences needed. This study presents framework evaluation resources, derived from standard procedure resource reserve identification, evaluation, classification U.S. Geological Survey natural stock resources. The was applied case on phosphorus (P) stocks Austria. Results indicate that only 10% P Austria (one million tons total) are extractable at subeconomic levels with production costs 5–10 times above market price fertilizer. 70% not technically 20% such low grade recovery practically feasible. Based assessment, it found amount could have been much higher if P-rich were mixed low-grade during landfilling. Although performed screening level, application highlights method can provide basis enhanced In future, further studies needed demonstrate various consideration environmental, technological, societal factors.