作者: Thomas M. Frost , Stephen R. Carpenter , Timothy K. Kratz
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4659-7_15
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摘要: In order to assess overall ecosystem condition, it is necessary choose indicators of environmental stress that incorporate two basic, and potentially contradictory, properties. Ecological should be sensitive the variety anthropogenic stresses could occur. At same time, such must reasonably predictable in unperturbed ecosystems: some natural benchmark against which a deviation due stress. If parameters condition also exhibit greater levels unpredictable variability, choice ecological will involve compromise between conflicting factors.