Avian Wing Geometry and Kinematics

摘要: The avian wing geometry of a seagull, merganser, teal, and owl extracted from noncontact surface measurements using a three-dimensional laser scanner is presented. The geometrical quantities, including the camber line and thickness distribution of the airfoil, wing planform, chord distribution, and twist distribution, are given in convenient analytical expressions. The avian wing kinematics is recovered from videos of a level-flying seagull, crane, and goose based on a two-jointed arm model in which three characteristic angles are …