Neurobiology of Anxiety

作者: Miklos Toth , Bojana Zupan

DOI: 10.1002/9780470101001.HCN023

关键词:

摘要: Anxiety/fear is a normal reaction to threatening situations and it represents physiologically protective function. often manifested as avoidance also characterized by overt sympathetic reactions. Pathological anxiety level of that disproportionate the threat can be even in absence threat. In clinical practice, categorical systems set boundary at which particular becomes an disorder. Although genetic contribution disorders has long been suspected, only recently polymorphisms various neurotransmitter neuromodulatory have linked disorders. Still, these factors relatively small overall disease phenotype complex interaction between environment will ultimately explain development susceptibility anxiety. Genetic biochemical studies, combined with analysis mouse strains induced mutations implicate multiple neurobiological processes Although association neurotransmitters their receptors anxiety-like behavior not surprising, cytokines cell adhesion molecules were identified modulators anxiety. Furthermore, intracellular signaling pathways target genes allowing assembly specific “anxiety” pathways. It apparent anxiety-related involve communication neurons that, via pathways, eventually converge onto regulation transcription and/or translation. The proper function especially crucial during early postnatal one hypothesize abnormalities any lead to, altered gene expression, changes neuronal morphology Importantly, all commonly used anxiolytic drugs integrated into this model implying modulate molecular cellular establish control anxiety. Keywords: anxiety; fear; anxiety disorders; neurotransmitters; receptors; signaling pathways; neuronal circuits; knockout mice; association studies

参考文章(296)
Luis E. Gonzalez, Maria Rujano, Sonia Tucci, Daniel Paredes, Elizabeth Silva, German Alba, Luis Hernandez, Medial prefrontal transection enhances social interaction Brain Research. ,vol. 887, pp. 7- 15 ,(2000) , 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02931-0
Howard K. Gershenfeld, Paul E. Neumann, Chantal Mathis, Jacqueline N. Crawley, Xiaohua Li, Steven M. Paul, MAPPING QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI FOR OPEN-FIELD BEHAVIOR IN MICE Behavior Genetics. ,vol. 27, pp. 201- 210 ,(1997) , 10.1023/A:1025653812535
Yuri A Blednov, M Stoffel, S.R Chang, R Adron Harris, GIRK2 deficient mice. Evidence for hyperactivity and reduced anxiety. Physiology & Behavior. ,vol. 74, pp. 109- 117 ,(2001) , 10.1016/S0031-9384(01)00555-8
Barbara J. Bowers, Allan C. Collins, Theresa Tritto, Jeanne M. Wehner, Mice Lacking PKCγ Exhibit Decreased Anxiety Behavior Genetics. ,vol. 30, pp. 111- 121 ,(2000) , 10.1023/A:1001951104208
Stephanie L. Sherman, John C. DeFries, Irving I. Gottesman, John C. Loehlin, Joanne M. Meyer, Mary Z. Pelias, John Rice, Irwin Waldman, Recent Developments in Human Behavioral Genetics: Past Accomplishments and Future Directions American Journal of Human Genetics. ,vol. 60, pp. 1265- 1275 ,(1997) , 10.1086/515473
J Lähdesmäki, J Sallinen, E MacDonald, B.K Kobilka, V Fagerholm, M Scheinin, Behavioral and neurochemical characterization of α2A-adrenergic receptor knockout mice Neuroscience. ,vol. 113, pp. 289- 299 ,(2002) , 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00185-9
Sarah C. Coste, Robert A. Kesterson, Kurt A. Heldwein, Susan L. Stevens, Amanda D. Heard, Jacob H. Hollis, Susan E. Murray, Jennifer K. Hill, George A. Pantely, Alan R. Hohimer, Daniel C. Hatton, Tamara J. Phillips, Deborah A. Finn, Malcolm J. Low, Marvin B. Rittenberg, Peter Stenzel, Mary P. Stenzel-Poore, Abnormal adaptations to stress and impaired cardiovascular function in mice lacking corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2 Nature Genetics. ,vol. 24, pp. 403- 409 ,(2000) , 10.1038/74255
J. A. Blendy, K. H. Kaestner, W. Schmid, P. Gass, G. Schutz, Targeting of the CREB gene leads to up-regulation of a novel CREB mRNA isoform. The EMBO Journal. ,vol. 15, pp. 1098- 1106 ,(1996) , 10.1002/J.1460-2075.1996.TB00447.X
Stephanie C. Dulawa, David K. Grandy, Malcolm J. Low, Martin P. Paulus, Mark A. Geyer, Dopamine D4 Receptor-Knock-Out Mice Exhibit Reduced Exploration of Novel Stimuli The Journal of Neuroscience. ,vol. 19, pp. 9550- 9556 ,(1999) , 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-21-09550.1999
Fei Xu, Raul R Gainetdinov, William C Wetsel, Sara R Jones, Laura M Bohn, Gary W Miller, Yan-Min Wang, Marc G Caron, None, Mice lacking the norepinephrine transporter are supersensitive to psychostimulants Nature Neuroscience. ,vol. 3, pp. 465- 471 ,(2000) , 10.1038/74839