Resident bird species in urban forest remnants; landscape and habitat perspectives

摘要: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects habitat loss, fragmentation and quality on sedentary forest birds in an urban suburban environment. area situated Stockholm, capital Sweden, embracing city centre, suburbs parts rural surroundings. Breeding were surveyed 51 forested sample sites (2-700 ha) five species resident selected for further studies: willow tit (Parus montanus), crested (P. cristatus) coal ater) representing coniferous marsh palustris) nuthatch (Sitta europaea) deciduous forest. A spatial landscape analysis made using a geographical information system (GIS). In 21 smaller (2-200 ha), field conducted examine parameters like vegetation age, structure composition, human-induced disturbance. probability occurrence (breeding) bird as functions descriptors tested logistic regression. All investigated Parus guild showed high probabilities only patches larger than 200-400 ha, not present 10-30 ha. This meant that presumably suitable (coniferous vs. moist forest) left unoccupied. amount standing dead decaying trees provided additional explanation distribution tit. Large areas open land, industrial land use large bodies water had negative influence several species, which indicate they sensitive isolation. also influenced by distance other with tits. Unlike breeding most parks remnants. prefers mature forest, mainly oak, common absent some smallest (a few fragments, mean between surroundings over 100 m. are important adapted Vast without tree-cover seemed be poor and/or restrict dispersal. Strips high-quality habitats, including nest-holes, entirely