摘要: Publisher Summary Mathematical equations involve several parameters and coefficients, which arise out of different aspects governing a particular phenomenon; for instance, the diffusion coefficient in heat conduction, refractive index wave propagation, volume-scattering underwater acoustics, growth rate, competition coefficient, carrying capacity population competing species, selection intensity genetics are few such coefficients. The magnitudes these coefficients experimentally determined it is mean value set experimental values that used coefficient. Integrodifferential naturally mathematical formulation many scientific phenomena. This class reactor dynamics, transfer by conduction radiation, atomic scattering, fluctuations brightness stars, automatic systems, kinetic theory gases, prey-predator populations with historical actions, among others.
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