First– and Second–Line Drugs and Drug Resistance

摘要: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which transmitted through inhalation of aerosolized droplets. TB mainly attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts body. highly contagious during active stage disease and infect an individual as few 10 tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. After inhalation, these bacteria are captured alveolar macrophages, they evade host immune system remain in dormant for a long period time, at point reactivate to virulent form under immune-compromised conditions host. This possible because M. persist slow growing well fast stages makes treatment challenging. Almost all antibiotics that be used treat work when actively dividing. In intensive phase treatment, kill rapidly bacteria, causes rapid sputum conversion, eradication clinical symptoms. However, order persistent or strains MTB, continuation essential. treated effectively using first line drugs (FLD) isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol (EMB) streptomycin (SM). this therapy often fails cure several reasons. Relapse spread contribute emergence drug resistant The multidrug (MDR-TB), i.e. least (INH) rifampicin great concern, it requires use second-line difficult procure much more toxic expensive than FLDs [1]. Therefore, detection susceptible single important strategy preventing MDR-TB [2]. extensively resistant-TB (XDR-TB), either (like MDR tuberculosis), any fluoroquinolone, one three antituberculosis injectable drugs—i.e., capreomycin, kanamy‐ cin, amikacin have been reported [3].