Effects of Fog Oil Smoke on Immune Responses in the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)

摘要: Abstract : In response to questions about the effects of military use fog oil (FO) obscurant smoke, sensitivity cell-mediated constituents immune system FO smoke was tested using an avianpox challenge in red-winged blackbirds. Although immunosuppression has been observed seabirds that have ingested petrochemicals, blackbirds exposed airborne not compromised. The incidence and severity disease somewhat less recovery more advanced FO-exposed than controls. Circulating antibody titers sheep red blood cells were measured house sparrows by hemagglutination titration. No differences total, 2- mercaptoethanol-sensitive, or 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant observed, suggesting humoral immunity is also unaffected high field-typical exposure. Total differential white cell counts depressed spleen mass structure affected any birds FO, further indicating did compromise nonspecific function birds. FO-induced mortality, organ pathology, end point metabolites either passerine species. These data indicate at normal field concentrations unlikely result decreased immunological fitness