Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study in Japan Kouichi YoshimasuChikako KiyoharaTakaomi MinamiNorishige Yoshikawa • Shogo KihiraKoji ToyonagaAkira YamamotoKazuhiro Shinosaki • Hiroshi YamashitaKazuhisa MiyashitaThe Wakayama ADHD Study Group

摘要: Although maternal smoking during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Western countries, there is no empirical evidence non- Caucasian. Purpose the present study examine relationship between and ADHD Japanese population. A case-con- trol design was adopted. total 90 pairs children mothers as well 270 corresponding control were recruited throughout period. psychiatrist interviewed all elicited information regarding their lifestyles pregnancy, including active passive or drinking habits, psy- chosocial perinatal factors. Diagnosis made by each physician charge according DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Logistic regression analysis used calculate odds ratios (OR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjustments for other possible confounding fac- tors. Maternal asso- ciated approximately twofold ADHD, even after adjusting socioeconomic factors (OR 1.8 CI 0.9-3.6). However, association obviously attenuated when parental psychopathological vulnerability controlled 1.3 0.6-2.9). On hand, failed show any material ADHD. These results suggested that a significant part Members Wakayama Study Group are listed Appendix.