作者: Earl Wehry
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摘要: 1. Structural Interpretation of Fluorescence Spectra by Automated File Searching. Implementation and Applications in Liquid Chromatography.- A. Introduction.- B. Alternatives for Computerized Spectral Interpretation.- Searching.- 2. Pattern Recognition.- 3. Artificial Intelligence.- 4. Choosing an Approach Data.- C. An Initial Approach.- The Library Software Structure.- Search Procedure.- Index Dissimilarity.- Uniqueness Spectra.- 5. Performance with Data from the Laboratory.- D. Using More Subtle Features.- Compression Further Size.- Performance.- E. Limitations.- F. Hardware LC/Fluorescence System.- Ideal Components.- A Practical Solution.- Problems.- G. Reverse H. Outlook.- References.- Detection Gas Chromatography: Techniques, Examples, Prospects.- Compounds That Exhibit Significant Native Fluorescence.- Description a Typical Analysis HPLC Detection.- a. Sample Cleanup.- b. Chromatographic Separation.- c. Enhancement Sensitivity HPLC/Fluorescence Analytical Composition Mobile Phase.- Effect Dissolved Gases.- Acquisition Eluants.- Stopping Flow Chromatograph Recording Spectrum.- Rapid Scanning while Continues to Deliver Electronic Array Detectors.- Do Not Quantum Yield.- Pre-Column Derivatization.- Post-Column Instrumental Considerations Cells Connections Column.- Illumination Sources.- Future Trends Fluorometric Effluent Trapping Procedures.- Measurement Vapor-Phase Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy.- Reaction Rate Methods Analysis.- Characteristics Kinetic Measurements.- General Terminology Considerations.- Advantages Limitations Methods.- Precision Signal-to-Noise Ratio Optimization Kinetic-Based Enzymatic Determination Enzymes.- Substrates.- Other Determinations.- Catalytic Noncatalytic Metals.- Organic Compounds.- Instrumentation Photon Counting.- Rapid-Scanning Devices.- Microprocessors.- Immobilized Conclusions.- Principles Practice Fluoroimmunoassay Antibody Response.- Antigen-Antibody Binding Reaction.- as Reagent.- Immunoassay.- Employing Labeled Antigen.- Antibody.- Choice Label.- Reagents Equipment.- Antiserum.- Anti-Protein Serum.- Anti-Hapten Reagents.- Protein Antigens.- Haptens.- Antibodies.- Solid Phases.- Instrumentation.- Techniques.- Procedures that Employ Separation FIA.- Nonseparation i. Quenching ii. iii. Polarization iv. Fluorescent Excitation Transfer v. Substrate-Labeled vi. Indirect IFMA.- Interfering Factors.- Fluorometry.- Interferences.- Nonspecific Fluorescein-Labeled Spectroscopic Selected Examples Development Application.- FIA Protein.- Hapten.- Developments.- Basic Assay Improvement.- Multifluorophore Labeling.- Background Rejection.- Bleaching Lifetime Discrimination.- Summary.- I. Appendix: Glossary Terms.- Studies Biologically Important Molecular Complexes.- Complexes Acridine Drugs Nucleotides DNA.- Nucleotides.- Criteria Accurate Parameters.- Cytogenetical Medical Applications.- Staining Human Metaphase Chromosomes.- Phototherapy Photoprotection.- Involving Hydrogen Bonds.- Importance Franck-Condon Principle Interpreting Shifts.- Bonding Excited-State Proton Transfer.- between Oligopeptides Proteins Nucleic Acids.- Free Tryptophan or Oligopeptides.- Proteins.- Mechanisms Binding.- Photosensitized Splitting Thymine Dimers Dynamics Membranes Probed Fluorophores Forming Intermolecular Excimer Formation.- Intramolecular Fluorophore-Polar Group Ground-State Complex Intrinsic Extrinsic Probes Biomolecules.- Nanosecond Studies.- Energy Excited States Techniques Photosynthesis.- Circular 6. Quantification Specific Chemical Species Single Cells.- Standard Microtechniques.- Microfluorophotometers.- Optical Multichannel Analyzers.- Microfluorometers.- Dual Laser Cytometers.- Limits.- Standardization.- Errors Measurement.- Coefficient Variation.- Ratio.- Matching Available Light 7. Stain Specificity.- 8. Diffusibility Fluorophores.- 9. Autofluorescence.- DNA RNA DNA-Binding Dyes Their Specificity Cell-Cycle Synthesis.- Nuclear Ploidy Content Isolated Nuclei.- Multifunctional (Single-Stranded Double-Stranded Polynucleotide Fluorescence).- Use Two Stains.- Labeling RNA.- Fluorogenic Standardization Enzyme Activity.- Substrate Diffusion into Cell.- Enzyme-Substrate Product Diffusion.- Multivariable Cell Sorting Validate Approaches Enzymes Ionic Probes.- Covalent Conjugates Ligands.- Microspectrofluorometric Biological Systems.- Microspectrofluorometer.- Instrument.- Microscopic Arrangement.- Illuminator Blocks Observations on Different Fluorochromes.- Mirror Dichromatic Options Topographic Operations Microinstrument Visualization.- Overall Construction Arrangement Microscope Detector. Conditions Operation.- d. Applied Design.- Magnification Resolution Analyzer.- e. f. Tolerance Exciting Wavelengths.- g. Work Exogenous h. Electrical Design Processing.- Microinjection, Micromanipulatory Material. Cultures Observation Chambers.- Morphological Microinjected Results Discussion.- Kinetics Intracellular, Transient Metabolic Processes.- Rate-Controlling NADH-versus-NADPH Compartmentalization Intracellular Organelle Interactions.- Multicellular Integrated States.- Identification Coenzymes Found Carcinogens.- Penetration.- Distribution.- Fate Carcinogen Molecules.- Conclusion.- References.