Användningsområden för biprodukterna vid pressning och omförestring av rapsolja

摘要: Rapeseed contains 40-50% oil that can be extracted by pressing and possibly subsequent extraction. The residue, rapeseed cake, normally 10-25% oil, but meal subjected to extraction only a few percent oil. cake used as animal feed, fuel, biogas substrate or fertiliser. If the is vehicle fuel it transesterified methyl ester (RME) then glycerol produced by-product. Glycerol for in chemical industry raw material additive several products. main purpose of this work was evaluate how meal, together with from transesterification could different applications, calculate their economic values these uses. Used ruminant current cultivars provide entire dietary protein requirement. Up 10% feed concentrate mix pigs, poultry horses comprise feed. For piglets horses, palatability may limit amount fed. fed restricted its content. Normally, ruminants manage 5% fat about 2% concentrate, pigs 1-1.5% overall diet. an energy component mix. Cattle, sheep have been successfully mixture containing 5-10% glycerol, 5%. works well binding agent pellet manufacture, admixture 2-3% giving more solid pellet. hygroscopic absorbs water air if too much added mixture. This impairs storage qualities. incinerated, produce ash relatively low melting-point, causes sintering deposits form furnace. rather high, 6%. high nitrogen content (4-6% dry matter) gives nitric oxide emissions, often 2-3.6 times emissions fuels deficient nitrogen. comparatively heat combustion. difficult incinerate alone, incinerated when mixed disintegrated biofuels such sawdust wood shavings. It would probably act biofuel pellets briquettes. organic fertiliser, 4-6% nitrogen, 0.4-2% phosphorus 0.3-1% potassium. Organically bound released slowly. has no value fertiliser unless potassium residues catalyst (about 0.6%) transesterification, also 0.16%) phosphoric acid neutralise catalyst. are very suitable anaerobic digestion. nitrogen-rich media cause ammonium nitrate reactor. other substrates farmyard manure give higher gas yield. There similar observations methane yield increasing digested protein-rich media. carbon source processes. plant nutrients easily available after biodigestion. calculated on basis replacement barley soybean forest chips incineration, sales electricity district heating large farm-scale plant. by-products were most valuable followed use combustion They least fertilisers world market barley, (rapeseed oil) had influence etc. price smaller results, since products lower initial value. Domestic animals far consume all Sweden. Dairy cows quantities. Much larger quantities consumed domestic than through Swedish origin. means considerable proportion imported feeding purposes. nothing limits fertilisers, applications. pellets, possible digest limited potential production plants. However, there problem digesting existing Furthermore, because increase during co-digestion. Future studies should examine detail properties co-digested investigated. need breeding decrease anti-nutritional carbohydrates husk seed. allow amounts mainly monogastric animals.