作者: Shelley Wiechman Askay , David R. Patterson , Sam R. Sharar
DOI: 10.1002/CH.371
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摘要: Scientific evidence for the viability of hypnosis as a treatment pain has flourished over past two decades (Rainville, Duncan, Price, Carrier and Bushnell, 1997; Montgomery, DuHamel Redd, 2000; Lang Rosen, 2002; Patterson Jensen, 2003). However its widespread use been limited by factors such advanced expertise, time effort required clinicians to provide hypnosis, cognitive patients engage in hypnosis.The theory developing virtual reality was apply three-dimensional, immersive, technology guide patient through same steps used when is induced an interpersonal process. Virtual replaces many stimuli that have struggle imagine via verbal cueing from therapist. The purpose this paper explore how may be useful delivering summarize scientific literature date. We will also various theoretical methodological issues can future research.In spite encouraging clinical findings, analgesia not universally medical centres. One reason slow acceptance extensive provider training order effective management modality. Training commonly offered schools or even psychology graduate curricula. Another requires far more administer than analgesic pill injection. Hypnosis training, skill patience deliver centres are often fast-paced highly demanding clinician time. Finally, attention acute care setting, who under influence opiates benzodiazepines, able impart. It challenge make standard part environment.Over 25 years, researchers investigating ways standardized accessible. There handful studies looked at efficacy using audiotapes hypnotic intervention (Johnson Wiese, 1979; Hart, 1980; Block, Ghoneim, Sum Ping Ali, 1991; Enqvist, Bjorklund, Engman Jakobsson, Eberhart, Doring, Holzrichter, Roscher Seeling, 1998; Perugini, Kirsch, Allen, et al., Forbes, MacAuley, Chiotakakou-Faliakou, Sarasin, Davis Marchman, 2000). These yielded mixed results. Generally, we conclude audio-taped no all, but less presence live hypnotherapist. Grant Nash (1995) were first computer-assisted behavioural measure assess hypnotizability. They digitized voice guided subjects procedure tailored software according subject's unique responses reactions. However, it utilized conventional two-dimensional screen focus their on computer screen, making them vulnerable any type distraction might enter environment. Further, did present compelling visual capturing user's attention.