Oral Candida carriage in smokers and tobacco users: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

摘要: OBJECTIVE To synthesize evidence from observational studies that evaluated the association between smoking and smokeless tobacco with oral Candida carriage. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched through PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus without restrictions until April 2020 for assessed this association. study retrieval selection, relevant data were extracted, risk bias was by two independent authors using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A fixed-effect meta-analysis performed due to insignificant heterogeneity studies. RESULTS We identified 14 eligible inclusion in review. The pooled odds ratio (OR; six studies) carriage among smokers non-smokers 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47, 3.14; I2 = 8%; P < 0.0001). OR (five users non-users 1.77 CI: 1.29, 2.44; I2 = 46%; P = 0.0004). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a significant relationship smoking/smokeless However, cannot clarify whether observed epidemiologic is causal effect or result some unmeasured confounding variables. Therefore, continued efforts measure are required.