Effect of calcium and aluminum concentrations on the survival of brown trout (Salmo trutta) at low pH
作者： D. J. A. Brown
DOI: 10.1007/BF01610178
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摘要: Experimental evidence suggests that the two most important ions with respect to survival of fish at low pHs are calcium (BROWN 1981, 1982a and b; BROWN LYNAM 1981) aluminium (SCHOFIELD TROJNAR 1980; BAKER SCHOFIELD 1980, 1982). A minimal concentration former ion is necessary for survival, in general, elevated concentrations reduce survival. These same also clearly field because acid lakes Europe North America have typically high (WRIGHT et al. 1980). The only published experimental study combined effects on pH shows rate loss plasma chloride 5.3 5.5 solutions containing 0.9 mg 1 -I higher when they contain 0.8 compared 3.0-4.2 (MUNIZ AND LEIVESTAD In this paper, results experiments determine times yolk sac fry brown trout (Salmo trutta) a range pHs, described, relevance situation discussed. METHODS MATERIALS
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