Milk as a Complex Multiphase Polydisperse System: Approaches for the Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

摘要: Milk is a product that requires quality control at all stages of production: from the dairy farm, processing plant to finished products. complex multiphase polydisperse system, whose components not only determine and price raw milk, but also reflect physiological state herd. Today’s production volumes rates require simple, fast, cost-effective, accurate analytical methods, most manufacturers want move away methods use reagents increase analysis time rapid methods. The review presents for determination main examines their advantages disadvantages. Optical spectroscopy non-destructive, precise, reliable tool constituents common adulterants in milk. While mid-infrared well-established off-line laboratory technique routine near-infrared technologies provide relatively low-cost robust solutions suitable on-site in-line applications on milking farms facilities. Other techniques, discussed this review, including Raman spectroscopy, atomic molecular fluorescence are used milk much less extensively. Acoustic non-destructive on-line characterization can information fat content, particle size distribution proteins, changes biophysical properties over time, content specific proteins pollutants. basic principles ultrasonic transmission, pulse-echo, interferometer, microbalance approaches, briefly described parameters measured with help, frequency ranges measurement accuracy, given.