Diagnostic Histological Findings in Yosemite Toads (Bufo canorus) from a Die-off in the 1970s

摘要: TWelVe adult and 25 larval Yosemite toad (Bufo canorus) specimens from the eastern Sierra Nevada of California were examined histologically for evidence infectious, toxicological, degenerative diseases. The preserved toads selected 21 that had been salvaged or collected during a die-off in 1976-1979 immediately preceded population decline. Causes death four determined histologically; clinical signs field observations suggested causes three more. Four died infectious diseases, including chytridiomycosis skin (N = 1), bacillary septicemia 2), combined bacterial 1). Infections by funguslike organism (Der- mosporidiu1ni penneri), renal myxozoa (Leptotheca ohimacheri), Rhabdias, various gastrointestinal nem- atodes. urinary bladder flukes, lung flukes detected five specimens. No virus infections, intoxications was found. variety lethal diseases our inability to determine suggests one more undetectable may have also contributed deaths