Design of a calibration phantom for in vivo measurement of stable lead or radioactivity in bone

摘要: The hazards of exposure to heavy metal contamination, examples which arsenic, beryllium, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, zinc, mercury and barium, the radioactive substances deposit in human bone, are uranium, plutonium, americium, very serious well known scientific medical professionals. Since lead is a prevalent contaminant deposits its effects quite hazardous, especially young children, focus this disclosure will be on methods detecting exposure. While it possible detect level body through use blood test, relevancy such tests limited, since risk humans from related amount deposited bones exposed person not, necessarily, blood. Moreover, drawing causes some discomfort part being tested, difficult with small who particularly at due various environmental factors. Accordingly, an alternative method, indirect measure cumulative by sue x-ray fluorescence, often employed. This invention relates generally surrogate structures, or phantoms, that exhibit radiological properties muscle, other soft tissue. Specifically, phantoms have been designed accurately anthropometric bone tissue for calibrating response spectroscopic instruments enable vivo measurement levels contamination stable metals material.