Botulinum-Toxin in der speziellen Schmerztherapie

摘要: Botulinum toxin has been used for therapeutic purposes in medicine more than 20 years. Its effective use now covers 50 conditions a wide variety of areas. medicinal was initially based on its blockade neuromuscular and neurosecretory transfers. the field specific pain therapy is currently authorized Germany spastic torticollis, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, equine gait cases idiopathic cerebral paresis, spasticity arm following stroke. New publications suggest that it can usefully be employed numerous other painful conditions. The modes action known today are not confined to cholinergic innervation.Indeed, there also evidence effects mediated through normalization muscle spindle activity, retrograde intake into CNS with modulation central neuropeptide function, inhibition sterile neurogenic inflammation, endplate dysfunction. In view methodological peculiarities studies therapy, such as injection techniques, sites, blind study dosage etc., scientific syndromes still patchy many For this reason botulinum these only justified after full made standard methods evaluation specialized centers. possibility considering contexts new option patients doctors.However, calls detailed knowledge functional neuroanatomy extensive practical experience expertise.