Metagenomics as a tool for the investigation of uncultured microorganisms

摘要: Uncultured microorganisms represent a significant part of the Earth’s biodiversity. Natural ecosystems contain less than 0.1–1% that can be cultured by standard laboratory techniques. Therefore, new methodological approaches are required for identification and description uncultured microorganisms, studies their genetic diversity structure microbial communities, an understanding ecological importance in biosphere. Metagenomics, method analyzing collective genome community without cultivation, makes it possible to unravel fundamental matters microbiology ecology microorganisms. Another efficient analysis forms is “single cell genomics,” which involves isolation single cells from communities sequencing genomes. Developed last decade, high throughput technologies next-generation provide decisive contribution goal reconstruction all genomes residing interacting within ecosystems. This review describes major used metagenomic as well accomplishments search microorganism, genomes, elucidation role