Modeling material flows and stocks of the road network in the United States 1905–2015

摘要: Abstract Recent years have seen a growing interest in the potential for more circular economy and application of material flow accounting to increase knowledge on materials accumulating in-use stocks. This study assesses dynamics stocks flows related road networks, which are significant destination recycled construction demolition waste. We develop bottom-up stock-driven model assess long-term inflows, outflows, accumulated roads requirements minerals network United States. estimate using expansion transport as driver, scheduled maintenance technological coefficients from engineering literature input output flows. apply historical data States 1905 2015 show that current stock is 15.1 billion tonnes, 21-fold since 1905. During 20th century, declined 35% 15% economy-wide consumption non-metallic The share has also 17% 13%. shows roads, once established, remain place most due extending refurbishing them, while completely new makes up much smaller part network.