New achievements and pharmacotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of alcohol dependence.

摘要: The treatment of alcohol dependence mainly consists psychological, social, and pharmacotherapeutic interventions aiming to reduce physical withdrawal, craving, relapse. During the last years, it has become increasingly clear that adjuvant pharmacotherapy is efficacious especially in rehabilitation programs for dependent patients. development seems involve adaptive changes amino acid neurotransmitter systems, stimulation dopamine opioid peptide serotonergic activity. Disulfiram, naltrexone acamprosate are approved treatments management abstinence maintenance treatment. New compounds under investigation. This review discusses neurobiological basis addiction, pharmacological targets relapse prevention pre-clinical clinical results with most promising drugs.