Retrovirus entry by endocytosis and cathepsin proteases.

摘要: Retroviruses include infectious agents inducing severe diseases in humans and animals. In addition, retroviruses are widely used as tools to transfer genes of interest target cells. Understanding the entry mechanism contributes developments novel therapeutic approaches against retrovirus-induced efficient exploitation retroviral vectors. Entry enveloped viruses into host cell cytoplasm is achieved by fusion between viral envelope membranes at either surface or intracellular vesicles. Many animal enter cells through endosomes require endosome acidification. Ecotropic murine leukemia virus requires cathepsin proteases activated CD4-dependent human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection thought occur via endosomes, but acidification not necessary for whereas CD4-independent HIVs, which be prototypes viruses, low pH dependent. There several controversial results on pathways. Because endocytosis complicatedly controlled cellular mechanisms, retrovirus pathways may different lines.