A single nuclei transcriptomic analysis of the Atlantic salmon gill through smoltification and seawater transfer

摘要: Anadromous salmonids begin life adapted to the freshwater environments of their natal streams before a developmental transition, known as smoltification, transforms them into marine-adapted fish. In wild, extending photoperiods spring stimulates typified by radical reprogramming gill from an ion-absorbing organ ion-excreting organ. Prior work has highlighted role specialized 9mitochondrion-rich9 cells in delivering this phenotype. However, transcriptomic studies identify thousands smoltification-driven differentially regulated genes, indicating that smoltification causes multifaceted, multicellular change; but direct evidence is lacking. Here, we use single-nuclei RNAseq characterize Atlantic salmon during and seawater transfer. We 20 distinct clusters nuclei, including known, also novel cell types. These data allow us isolate cluster-specific, smoltification-induced changes gene expression. show how cellular make-up through smoltification. As expected noted increase proportion mitochondrion-rich cells, however, reduction several immune-related cells. Overall, our results provide unrivaled detail complexity gill, suggest triggers unexpected immune directly preceding entry.