First order fire effects model: FOFEM 4.0, user`s guide. Forest Service general technical report

摘要: A First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was developed to predict the direct consequences of prescribed fire and wildlife. FOFEM computes duff woody fuel consumption, mineral soil exposure, fire-caused tree mortality, smoke production for many forest rangeland ecosystems. Quantitative results from effects studies were summarized inclusion into model. contains a calculator burning conditions necessary achieve desired effect. Default input values are derived models provided natural activity fuels by cover types.