Invited review: improving feed efficiency in dairy production: challenges and possibilities.

摘要: Despite substantial advances in milk production efficiency of dairy cattle over the last 50 years, rising feed costs remain a significant threat to producer profitability. There also is greater emphasis being placed on reducing negative impacts environment; thus means lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient losses environment associated with are sought. Improving among herds offers an opportunity address both these issues for industry. However, best assess make genetic progress efficiency-related traits lactating cows without negatively impacting other economically important not entirely obvious. In this review, multiple measurements described, as well heritability their phenotypic correlations traits. The measure efficiency, residual intake discussed detail terms benefits its selection, how it could be assessed large commercial populations, biological mechanisms contributing variation cows, has become commonly used method estimate recent scientific literature.