Total costs and budgetary effects of adaptation to climate change: An assessment for the European Union

摘要: Adaptation to climate change is gaining increasing relevance in the public debate of policy. However, detailed and regionalised cost estimates as a basis for cost-benefit-analyses are rare. We compose available adaptation Europe, particular Germany, Finland Italy. Furthermore, systematic overview on fiscal aspects provided, with focus budgetary effects different impact sectors. Combining estimates, considerations governmental interventions processes, we present data-based guesses costs EU, divided by The findings show an expectedly large burden transport infrastructure coastal protection, while high agriculture sector predominantly private. energy demand may well lead significant decrease expenditure. Considering regional heterogeneity measures uncertainty quantitative analyses, further research form bottom-up-studies needed.