Harnessing macrophages in thermal and non-thermal ablative therapies for urologic cancers – Potential for immunotherapy

摘要: Abstract Prostate and bladder cancers are one of the occurring worldwide. In addition to radical surgery, past decade has also focused on targeted therapy overexpressed cancer proteins that lethal critical for cell survival. However, cannot adapt changing molecular characteristics and, ultimately, a clone bypasses emerges. This can be overcome by immunotherapy. New studies ablative show presence immunomodulatory effect in these modalities. Tumor ablation prime immune system further destruction persistent primary tumor concurrent metastatic disease reduce recurrence. Ablative therapies achieve state increased antigenicity. Its combination with novel macrophage may enhance priming, trafficking, and/or effector phases; thereby improving clinical outcomes. associated macrophages or M2 phenotype now known mediate this immunosuppressive pro-tumorigenic effect. Alteration differentiation therapy. breakthrough immunotherapy opens up arenas robust trials combinatorial therapies. present review, we aim elucidate major aspects stimulatory minimal invasive approaches combining directed pathways.