Understanding and managing discolouration risk in trunk mains.

摘要: There is currently no accepted concept or approach for understanding and controlling discolouration risk associated with trunk mains. This paper assesses the applicability of cohesive layer theories to manage a steady state empirical modelling tool that describes process particulate material accumulation. Results are presented from independent field experiments across UK internationally evidence hydraulically induced mobilisation, effectively cleaning, once imposed system shear stress exceeds normal conditions. Model calibration measured data validates transferability in empirically derived parameters demonstrating viable operational planning tool. The highlight accumulation layers as continuous ubiquitous process, such fully clean pipes can never exist helping explain how changes over time. A major practical implication novel demonstrated this mains be simply managed by pro-active strategies regularly vary hydraulic avoids need disruptive expensive out service invasive interventions yet offers operators cost-effective long-term strategy safeguard water quality.