Behavioral masculinization is independent of genital masculinization in prenatally androgenized female rhesus macaques.

摘要: Genetic female fetuses were exposed transplacentally to testosterone propionate injected into their mothers either early (Days 40 through 64) or late 115 139) in gestation. Early and androgenized females (EAFs LAFs, respectively) raised with normal males that served as criteria for evaluating degree of behavioral masculinization induced by the prenatal androgen. EAFs genitally virilized LAFs not. Males untreated differed reliably on five measures: showed more mother-mounting, peer-mounting, rough play peers, a preference initiating male partners, less grooming mothers. Neither type prenatally all types behavior. Compared females, mother-grooming, did not differ from play, manifest partners. like groomed but mount mothers, show partners; unlike they elevated mounting peers. statistically significant delay puberty onset (menarche), Mothers inspected genitalia offspring often if than females. offspring's males, No aspect maternal behavior was associated amount kind masculine shown toward We interpret results mean genital virilization is independent of, largely irrelevant to, expression those traits characterize juvenile social role. Moreover, individual are components role independently regulated organizing actions androgen have separable critical periods. Of two major traits, peers latter has greater requirement androgenic stimulation life.