Defining single molecular forces required to activate integrin and notch signaling.

摘要: Cell-cell and cell-matrix mechanical interactions through membrane receptors direct a wide range of cellular functions orchestrate the development multicellular organisms. To define single molecular forces required to activate signaling ligand-receptor bond, we developed tension gauge tether (TGT) approach in which ligand is immobilized surface rupturable before receptor engagement. TGT serves as an autonomous restrict receptor-ligand tension. Using tethers with tunable tolerances, show that cells apply universal peak about 40 piconewtons (pN) integrin-ligand bonds during initial adhesion. We find less than 12 pN Notch receptors. can also provide defined cue regulate functions.