Microrheological effects of drag-reducing polymers in vitro and in vivo

摘要: Abstract Soluble long-chain polymers with a molecular mass >10 6  D have been found to significantly reduce resistance turbulent flow in pipes, thereby increasing rate at constant pressure or decreasing when added the flowing fluid minute concentrations (Toms effect). These molecules, named drag-reducing (DRPs), did not affect laminar straight tube. Although, conditions associated Toms effect do occur cardiovascular system, number of studies demonstrated that intravenous administration nanomolar DRPs experimental animals produced significant hemodynamic effects tissue perfusion and peripheral vascular without affecting blood viscosity no direct on tone vessel wall intraluminal area. The were successfully applied animal models severe hemorrhagic shock, myocardial ischemia other pathological demonstrating improvement impaired hemodynamics conditions/survival. In vitro microchannels reduced phase separations which system normal physiological conditions. This paper reviews some employed as additives. Furthermore, potential mechanisms behind observed polymer circulation are discussed.