Signalling in ciliates : long- and short-range signals and molecular determinants for cellular dynamics

摘要: In ciliates, unicellular representatives of the bikont branch evolution, inter- and intracellular signalling pathways have been analysed mainly in Paramecium tetraurelia, multimicronucleatum Tetrahymena thermophila part also Euplotes raikovi. Electrophysiology ciliary activity spp. is a most successful example. Established mechanisms include plasmalemmal ion channels, recently established Ca2+ -release as well by cyclic nucleotides . -binding proteins (calmodulin, centrin) -activated enzymes (kinases, phosphatases) are involved. Many organelles endowed with specific molecules cooperating for transport targeted delivery. Among them specified soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), monomeric GTPases, H+ -ATPase/pump, actin, etc. Little specification available some key signal transducers including mechanosensitive -channels, exocyst complexes -sensor vesicle-vesicle/membrane interactions. The existence heterotrimeric G-proteins G-protein-coupled still under considerable debate. Serine/threonine kinases dominate far over tyrosine (some predicted phosphoproteomic analyses). Besides short-range signalling, long-range exists, e.g. firmly installed microtubular rails within epigenetically determined patterns, thus facilitating vesicle By envisaging widely different phenomena subcellular dynamics, it will be shown (i) that important cellular dynamics already (ii) diverge from higher eukaryotes (iii) uncertainties exist about essential aspects signalling.