Eleven-year study of hydroxyapatite implants

摘要: An 11-year clinical research study was conducted with both unloaded bulk hydroxyapatite implants and loaded hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants. A total of 102 submerged were placed after extraction teeth to maintain the volume residual alveolar ridge by their physical presence. All 21 under fixed partial dentures 51 81 lower complete remained submucosal. 71 connected permucosal superstructures use a two-stage method. Modifications in design implantation technique required. This long-term indicates that cylindrical are reliable devices as natural tooth root substitutes bond directly bone instead simply being osseointegrated.