Monitoring tylosin and sulfamethazine in a tile-drained agricultural watershed using polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS)

摘要: This study evaluated the influence of temporal variation on occurrence, fate, and transport tylosin (TYL) sulfamethazine (SMZ); antibiotics commonly used in swine production. Atrazine (ATZ) was as a reference analyte to indicate agricultural origin antibiotics. We also assessed impact season hydrology antibiotic concentrations. A reconnaissance South Fork watershed Iowa River (SFIR), conducted from 2013 2015. Tile drain effluent surface water were monitored using polar organic integrative sampler (POCIS) technology. Approximately 169 animal feeding operations (AFOs) exist SFIR, with 153 them being facilities. All analytes detected, detection frequencies ranged 69 100% showing persistence watershed. Antibiotics detected at higher frequency POCIS compared grab samples. observed statistically significant seasonal trends for SMZ ATZ concentrations during growing harvest seasons. Time weighted average (TWA) quantified 1.87ngL-1 (SMZ), 0.30ngL-1 (TYL), 754.2ngL-1 TYL lower than minimum inhibitory (MIC) E. coli. tile effluent, confirming drainage pathway transport. Our results identify episodic occurrence antibiotics, highlights importance identifying fate these analytes.