作者: Zamalia Mahmud , Noor Lide , Mohammad Said Zainol , Abu Kassim , Nor Zatul-Iffa Ismail
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摘要: This study investigates students' conceptual knowledge and understanding of basic statistical concepts compares it against competence, which is associated with discrete interpretive skills. It particularly examines the correspondence between perceived ability their empirical concepts. Two instruments were developed: a 20-item test to measure questionnaire matching items these For direct comparison two, responses jointly analyzed using Rasch measurement model. Results analysis show that more difficult attain than competence. The results also suggest students often not overestimated concepts, those requiring