Development of inland lakes as hubs in an invasion network

摘要: Summary 1. The ability to predict spatially explicit dispersal by non-indigenous species is a difficult but increasingly important undertaking as it allows management efforts be focused around areas identified susceptible invasion. Lakes may serve useful models for these studies because the habitats are well defined, and vectors of spread readily quantified. In this study, we examined patterns spiny waterflea Bythotrephes longimanus inland lakes in Ontario, Canada, identify which reduce traffic would most effective. 2. We surveyed people using recreational purposes quantify movements trailered boats other risky activities, model relative vector from invaded non-invaded lakes. Non-linear functions were developed describe cumulative number destination visited leaving five already (Huron, Simcoe, Muskoka, Panache Kashagawigamog). difference was used will develop into future invasion hubs therefore species. 3. recent past, Lake Muskoka has been an hub It unlikely continue source outbound previously Conversely, Kashagawigamog Simcoe and, therefore, likely future. 4. Synthesis applications . These data on zooplankton lake systems associated mechanisms transport indicate not only intrinsic value management, also potential importance understanding invasions more generally. Frequency distributions connections both destinations sources follow power function, consistent with scale-free networks. networks that small proportions function hubs. Management targeted remove developing network, rather than equal effort applied all sources, predicted rate new invasions.