Reading-Listening Discrepancy Definitions of Dyslexia

摘要: In the often cited words of World Federation Neurology (1968), specific developmental dyslexia is “a disorder manifested in difficulty learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity. It dependent upon fundamental cognitive disabilities which are frequently constitutional origin” (Critchley,1970, italics added). As pointed out by Stanovich (1991, 1992, 1994) among others, ‘unexplained’ therefore ‘unexpected’ aspects central this definition as well many its variants. Dyslexia sense that learner exhibits a discrepancy between potential (adequate intelligence) achievement (difficulty read) (Harris Hodges, 1981, 1995; Harris Sipay, 1980; Skowronek Marx, 1993). If difficulties had obvious causes, such severe mental retardation, poor vision, deafness or lack knowledge language text, there would be little need for special term, because could diagnosed treated without reference reading. The challenge both research education apparent paradox children, young persons, adults who experience no reason.