Interactions between cleaner-birds and ungulates are personality dependent

摘要: While a growing body of literature explores the ecological implications consistent individual variation in behaviour wildlife, few studies have looked at reciprocal influences personality within interspecific interactions, despite potentially significant impacts on biodiversity. Here I used two species involved cleaner-bird behaviour—black-billed magpies ( Pica pica ) and Rocky mountain elk Cervus canadensis )—to show that exhibition mutualistic can depend involved. recorded suites correlated behaviours both to derive gradients from ‘shy’ ‘bold’, which compared with observations interactions. measured each half this relationship separately. found bold were more likely aggressively reject magpie landings, while shy allowed land groom them. Contrastingly, it was willing risk rarely attempted landings. These results is predicated individuals, thus contributes selection maintenance populations.