Effectiveness of using rubber bumper and restrainer on mitigating pounding and unseating damage of bridge structures subjected to spatially varying ground motions

摘要: Abstract Pounding and unseating damages to bridge decks have been observed in almost all the previous major earthquakes. Recent studies highlighted that adjusting fundamental periods of adjacent structural elements close each other, only method suggested by codes mitigate pounding damage, is not sufficient prevent such owing relative displacement induced spatially varying ground motions. As damage could lead significant loss economy life inability quickly access damaged area immediately after an earthquake, it important protect lifeline structures. Past earthquakes revealed commonly used steel cable restrainers limited effectiveness. Additionally, research has focused on mitigating forces joints localized disruptions serviceability strong shakings. This study presents extensive investigation effectiveness combining rubber bumpers as a shock absorbing device along with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) or multiple-span bridges subjected The responses structures different restraining devices acting alone combination motions are compared discussed. result indicates SMA combined better performance terms reduction joint opening mitigation large forces.