Chloroplast-Derived Therapeutic and Prophylactic Vaccines

摘要: Despite the development of advanced vaccine technology, as many 15 million deaths occur annually a result inadequate prophylactic or therapeutic treatments against infectious diseases (World Health Organization 2008). The emphasis on profitability by pharmaceutical industry has led to high-cost vaccines targeting with high profit margins, resulting in an annual death toll for developing countries that is largely preventable. Daniell and ­co-investigators published first expression antigen, cholera toxin subunit B, through transgenic tobacco chloroplasts 2001. polyploidy nature chloroplast genome enables engineering copy number target gene, while translational machinery plastid directs synthesis bioactive proteins proper folding, disulfide bond formation, lipidation. Furthermore, gene integration site-specific, polycistronic, natural containment occurs due maternal inheritance genome. transformation technology (CTT) been used express bacterial, viral, protozoan, recently mammalian origins may be subsequently utilized immunization strategies produce protective immunity. Such chloroplast-derived represent inexpensive effective means producing antigen-subunit vaccines. edible crops such lettuce could generate stable orally-deliverable antigens field production agricultural drying techniques. This platform therefore obviate cold-chain logistics requirement sterile injectables, drastically reducing downstream costs biopharmaceuticals. With these proof-of-concept studies, focus within CTT shifting towards establishing viable human demonstrating ­functionality derived proteins, emphasizing need develop plant-based alternatives tobacco, improving efficacy ­additional peptide fusion-domains.