Precision medicine in cholangiocarcinoma.

摘要: Cholangiocarcinoma is one of the epithelial cancers with poorest prognosis and narrowest therapeutic choice in humans. Compared other cancer types, cholangiocarcinoma has been often neglected by oncology liver research studies, thereby leaving many issues unsolved. Apart from early marked aggressiveness, main reasons still unsatisfying clinical management its wide tumor heterogeneity needing more than diseases a ‘precision medicine’ approach. In this regard, last few years there an awakening interest aimed at dissecting complex molecular genomic profile cholangiocarcinoma. Thus, range players have recently identified as putative mechanistic determinants invasiveness, encompassing tyrosine kinase receptors, metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, small GTPases, ubiquitin ligases, chromatin-remodelling proteins, whose aberrant expression may derive stochastic mutations well pro-oncogenic paracrine signals released stromal microenvironment, which particularly exuberant Herein, we sought to overview most relevant observations unravelling landscape cholangiocarcinoma, prognostic predictive biomarkers that consequently emerging. Then, will discuss innovative treatment approaches derived conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapies, antiangiogenic therapies immunotherapy, how they are opening new avenues towards precision medicine