Myxozoans Exploiting Homeotherms

摘要: Discoveries published in 2007 and 2008 expanded the known host range of myxozoans beyond poikilotherms to include mammals birds. Here we review records from small terrestrial mammals, waterfowl those associated with humans, augment them data our ongoing studies. True myxosporean infections—those active parasite development sporogenesis—have been recorded for Soricimyxum spp. central European shrews Myxidium North American waterfowl. In all cases, bile ducts within liver were nidal tissue complete life cycles are unknown. Incidental infections—the presence myxospores without development—have observed usually association ingestion infected fish. Clinical presentations these cases no disease (e.g. Henneguya spp.), allergic responses (Kudoa sp.) or acute gastroenteritis septempunctata). Phylogenetically, parasites homeotherms cluster closely Cystodiscus species infect other vertebrates (reptiles amphibians), which suggests a single evolutionary expansion an aquatic Myxidium-clade ancestor semi-aquatic hosts environments. Given diversity potential mammalian avian hosts, expect additional be discovered further scrutiny homeotherms, especially sparsely surveyed regions including Africa South America.