The Role of MicroRNA in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Challenges for Diagnosis and Therapy.

摘要: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer of childhood. Although overall survival children with ALL now more than 90%, remains one leading causes death from disease. In developed countries, patients has increased to 80%; however, those cured still show a significant risk short- and long-term complications as consequence their treatment. Accordingly, there need not only develop new methods diagnosis prognosis but also provide less toxic therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ribonucleic acids (RNA), usually without coding potential, that regulate gene expression by directing target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for degradation or translational suppression. paediatric ALL, several miRNAs have been observed be overexpressed underexpressed in patient cohorts compared healthy individuals, while numerous studies identified specific can used biomarkers diagnose classify it into subgroups, predict prognosis. Likewise, variety identify candidate targets treatment, although obstacles overcome before clinical use patients. Here, we summarise roles played different childhood leukaemia, focussing primarily on diagnostic tools potential therapeutic targets, well role predicting treatment outcome. Finally, discuss miRNA immunotherapy novel contributions made gut regulation host microbiome.