Lifelong Opioidergic Vulnerability Through Early Life Separation: A Recent Extension of the False Suffocation Alarm Theory of Panic Disorder

摘要: The present paper is the edited version of our presentations at "First World Symposium On Translational Models Of Panic Disorder", in Vitoria, E.S., Brazil, on November 16-18, 2012. We also review relevant work that appeared after conference. Suffocation-False Alarm Theory (Klein, 1993) postulates existence an evolved physiologic suffocation alarm system monitors information about potential suffocation. attacks maladaptively occur when erroneously triggered. expanded (Preter and Klein, 2008) hypothesizes endogenous opioidergic dysregulation may underlie respiratory pathophysiology sensitivity panic disorder. Opioidergic increases to CO2, separation distress attacks. That sudden loss, bereavement childhood anxiety are antecedents "spontaneous" requires integrative explanation. Our unveiling lifelong opioid impairing effects parental loss (CPL) non-ill, normal adults opens a new experimental, investigatory area.