Drainage institutions in Western Europe: England, the Netherlands, France and Germany

摘要: This paper analyzes drainage areas in all the four countries of Western Europe - England, The Netherlands, France and Germany comprise low-lying areas, which at one time consisted vast stretches marshes, fens, peat washes. In some cases, they also include those were often inundated by floods. All these lands still continue to be agriculturally highly productive after work was executed. Modern legislation concerning institutions has taken place twentieth century countries. Internal Drainage Board enacted 1930 amended 1976. case such a law passed 1992. France, most recent 1992 leaves ownership rights untouched, but limits their significance, since it unifies categories water under nation's common heritage concept close notion public trust. Germany, new Water Land Associations 1991 replaced regulation 1937. laws are based on following three principles: responsibility for land rests first foremost with individual farmers. is predominantly local problem decisions regarding should locally. Those who benefit from or create need pay accordingly.