Effects of residual doses of neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) on metabolic rate of queen honey bees Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

摘要: Bees are key regulators in the maintenance of global biodiversity and food security. Overwhelming evidence has shown elevated colony losses for honey bees a decrease abundance other pollinators. Insecticides neonicotinoid type have been associated with these losses, but few studies explored how residual exposure doses affect queen’s energy metabolism. Here, we studied dose (imidacloprid), combined reproductive status (virgin inseminated) affects bee We conducted same experiment two geographical locations (Chile Colombia) found strong reduction standard metabolic rate (SMR) insecticide-treated queens (Chilean queen 11.3% watt output; Colombian 11.7% output). No effects were when comparing condition on SMR. will highlight possible consequences weak performance stability.