Advances in the management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: improved endoscopic management through better diagnostics

摘要: As a rare disease, the management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) continues to evolve. While radical nephroureterectomy remains gold standard, there is growing desire pursue nephron-sparing approaches through endoscopic management, particularly for low-risk disease or in setting imperative indications. A particular challenge those undertaking appropriate grading and staging tumors, thereby patient selection. In this review we will cover current state diagnostics UTUC as well highlight challenges accurate diagnosis. Additionally, focus on emerging technologies aid optimizing diagnostic accuracy UTUC. This include discussion narrow band imaging, photodynamic diagnosis, optical coherence tomography, confocal laser endomicroscopy.