Adhesive capsulitis: An age related symptom of metabolic syndrome and chronic low-grade inflammation? ☆

摘要: Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is very poorly understood, particularly it's underlying etiology. Obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are strongly associated with chronic low grade inflammation, becoming increasingly understood to underlie a raft of morbid states including upper limb pain syndromes, diabetes (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer central nervous system dysfunction degeneration. Notwithstanding age, two the strongest established risk factors for AC DM CVD. The hypothesis argues that similar CVD, inflammation capsular fibrosis seen in precipitated by syndrome inflammation. These pathophysiological mechanisms highly likely be perpetuated upregulation pro-inflammatory cytokine production, sympathetic dominance autonomic balance, neuro-immune activation. predicts describes how these processes may etiologically underpin induce each sub-classification AC. An improved understanding etiology lead more accurate diagnosis, management, treatment outcomes, reduce or prevent pain, disability suffering disease. paper follows on discussion similarities between pathophysiology general systemic inflammatory control whereby connective tissue (CT) induced as storage depot leukocytes cells. potential role hyaluronic acid (HA), primary component extracellular matrix (ECM) CT, also discussed implications. Lastly, biochemical link physical mental health through ECM described concept periventricular-limbic driver CT introduced.